Geography of Mongolia
| Location: | Northern Asia, between China and Russia |
| Geographic coordinates: | 46 00 N, 105 00 E |
| Map references: | Asia |
| Area: | total: 1,564,116 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than Alaska |
| Land boundaries: | total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km |
| Coastline: | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims: | none (landlocked) |
| Climate: | desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
| Terrain: | vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m |
| Natural resources: | oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron |
| Land use: | arable land: 0.76% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.24% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 840 sq km (2003) |
| Natural hazards: | dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions |
| Environment - current issues: | limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment |
| Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note: | landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia |