Geography of Bulgaria
| Location: | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey |
| Geographic coordinates: | 43 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Map references: | Europe |
| Area: | total: 110,910 sq km land: 110,550 sq km water: 360 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | slightly larger than Tennessee |
| Land boundaries: | total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km |
| Coastline: | 354 km |
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
| Terrain: | mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m |
| Natural resources: | bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land |
| Land use: | arable land: 29.94% permanent crops: 1.9% other: 68.16% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 5,880 sq km (2003) |
| Natural hazards: | earthquakes, landslides |
| Environment - current issues: | air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes |
| Environment - international agreements: | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note: | strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia |